Literature Review

Tesla Company: Transforming the Automotive Industry towards a Sustainable Energy,

Ecofriendly Transportation System

- The energy transitions

Energy advances can be characterized as a shift from a continuous energy production design based on inexhaustible energy sources to a framework that relies primarily on sustainable energy sources. Advances should help meet the requirements of a "low carbon economy," provided that the diffusion of greenhouse gasses and the antagonism of environmental change-related problems are counteracted (GIEC, 2014). Although the way countries around the world have identified specific essential world priorities at the peak of the world's climate, there must be no organized global consensus to devise energy advances (Weiss et al., 2019). Lastly, energy changes cannot be attained without hard mechanical advances. The head of practical confusion did not rely solely on simple inventions.

Actual change occurs when several advances and developments come together. In the energy sector, many advances will happen up to the 21st century. This includes innovative, economic, political, and cultural turmoil. The World Energy Council (WEC), which has about 100-member countries, determines the challenges of energy progress from three different aspects. One is energy security, guaranteeing a consistent energy supply to meet future and current needs. The second is energy justice. This is to make the world's population available for energy. The third aspect concerns ecological compatibility. The International Board on Climate Change created a variety of situations in 2035 based on the energy trilemma. Another situation, called "450ppm", means reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warnings to + 2 ° C by 2100.

1.2 The concept of Eco-mobility

The idea of ​​eco-mobility results from a cycle that began in the 1970s. A corresponding dual methodology characterizes this change: the expansion of vast metropolitan vehicles and the advancement of coordinated utilization of all transport modes in the city (Shaheen et al., 2013). Walking is the most well-known "eco-portable" means of transportation in France, accounting for 23% of travel (Papon, 2010). Diversity is the basis of an event's economic transformation and social ties.

You must plan for inventive progress to deliver a zero-emission electric automobile. They need to find an assembly that generates energy while minimizing the use of raw components. They must attempt to adapt to customer behavior and assumptions changes, establish financial models that adjust to existing and future macroeconomic restrictions, and demonstrate shareholder value (Long et al., 2019). Future vehicles will need to consider ancillary aspects such as weight, battery constraints, size, power, speed, range, and cost. Battery development continues to be a major roadblock in the car industry (Narins, 2017). Batteries have improved over time, but the electric vehicle market only had a chance to take off in the 1990s, thanks to advancements in nickel-metal hydride technology.

1.3 Reinventing the vehicles for supportable driving

Automobiles that release low amounts of pollution and greenhouse gases are "clean vehicles." From design/assembly until demolition, this attribution is based on the whole vehicle life cycle. Recommendations for now: Fuel Cell Vehicles, Cleaner Engines, and Cleaner Energy: Biofuels, Hydrogen, Gaseous Gasoline, and Used Vehicle Reprocessing The recent introduction of mixed-race vehicles, where demand for diverse power sources is on the rise, minimize the adverse impact of mechanized transport on the setting (Mouncer et al., 2019).

Electric vehicles offer cheap running costs and do less environmental damage. As biofuels become more widely available, emissions and reliance on petroleum are reduced. According to General Motors, the U.S. has enough biomaterials to generate enough ethanol to cover nearly 40% of the vehicle's energy needs by 2030. Therefore, reinventing vehicles with electric cars will ensure a more negligible effect on the ozone layer by reducing carbon emissions. Electric vehicles also do not make more noise than fuel vehicles, which implies the environment will be human-friendly and calm.

References

GIEC (2014). Changements climatiques. Rapports de synthèse. PNUE

LONG Z., AXSEN J., MILLER I., KORMOS C. (2019).  "What does Tesla mean to car buyers? Exploring the role of automotive brands  in perceptions of battery electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part  A:  Policy  and  Practice, Volume 129, pp. 185-204

MOUNCE R., NELSON J.D. (2019). "On the potential for one-way electric vehicle car-sharing in future mobility systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 120, pp. 17-30

NARINS T.P. (2017). The battery business:  Lithium availability and the growth of the global electric car industry," The Extractive Industries and Society, Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 321-328.

PAPON F. (2010). “Qu’est-ce que l’écomobilité?”, Territoires, n° 503.

SHAHEEN S. and COHEN, A. (2013)." Carsharing and Personal Vehicle Services: Worldwide Market Developments and Emerging Trends," International Journal of Sustainable Transportation (7), pp. 5-34.

WEISS M., ZERFASS A., HELMERS E. (2019). Fully electric and plug-in hybrid cars–An analysis of learning rates, user costs, and costs for mitigation CO2 and air pollutant emissions," Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 212, pp. 1478-1489

Research paper topic

- Tesla Company: Transforming the Automotive Industry towards a Sustainable Energy, Ecofriendly Transportation System

Background and Rationale

General research Significance

The primary reason why Electric Vehicles (EV) research is eminent is its ability to answer typical questions that have challenged the pedagogical and technological spheres: renewable energy and environmental conversation. For centuries people have depended on fossil fuels (coal, gasoline, diesel, etc.) to power automobiles. Apart from efficiency challenges, such fossil fuels are quickly depleted (Shahriar et al., 2020). Also, such fuels emit many greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and affect flora and fauna. This situation calls for an alternative fuel source to solve such issues: electricity.

Tesla Inc. Review

Tesla, Inc. is an electric vehicle engineering company established by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in 2003. The firm is named after Nikola Tesla, a Serbian inventor. Tesla Inc. was founded in San Carlos, California, but currently, it has its headquarters in Austin, Texas, with its major factory in Fremont, California (About Tesla | Tesla, 2022). The major shareholder in Tesla is Elon Musk, an investor. The latest car from Tesla is the Model Y. There has emerged a debate on the best Tesla EV between Models Y, Model X, and Model S.

Summary of Key Debates

Smart Energy Management

Energy management and consumption are significant concerns arising from the EV rise in the market. The EVs relocates energy consumption from fossil fuels to electricity. This situation ushers in a change from the typical gas stations to full-scale electricity consumption. His move requires adequate charging infrastructure (Shahriar et al., 2020). The system must also upgrade the charging technology to supercharge strategies to minimize waiting time at a recharging station. Apart from the risk of grid overload, this situation calls for intelligent, reliable, and adequate recharging stations and flexible charging systems.

Battery Monitoring, Analytics, and Recycling

One of the necessary hardware in an EV is the battery. The battery's lifespan is a significant concern, apart from the charging and draining duration (which determines the distance traveled between recharges). Apart from risking depleting critical earth metals such as lead, the battery consistency can also determine the reliability of the EV. This situation, therefore, calls for the development of advanced technology battery systems that are easily analyzed, managed, and recycled (Yu et al., 2020). Apart from reducing the cost of EVs and safeguarding the environment, this situation can also protect the world's precious metals used in building batteries.

Research Basis

Research Questions

This research tries to answer some questions that include:

- How reliable are the EVs transforming the automobile industry from the efficiency, cost, and eco-friendly dimensions?
- What are the challenges faced in the design and development of EVs?
- What strategies has Tesla Inc. put in place to handle the challenges and future of EVs in terms of technology and reliability?

The research includes Tesla's battery, supercharge, electric cars, EV charge stations, and electricity.

Research Methods

The research employs a mixed method to determine Tesla's strategies' effectiveness and extent toward unfolding eco-friendly vehicles. This research uses the quantitative approach to determine the statistical scope of the EV industry. The study also uses the Qualitative Research Method to assess the efficacy of such strategies in transforming the automobile industry.

References

Shahriar, S., Al-Ali, A. R., Osman, A. H., Dhou, S., & Nijim, M. (2020). Machine learning approaches for EV charging behavior: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 168980-168993.

Tesla.com. 2022. About Tesla | Tesla. Available at: <https://www.tesla.com/about> .

Yu, H., Dai, H., Tian, G., Xie, Y., Wu, B., Zhu, Y., & Wu, H. (2020). Big-data-based power battery recycling for new energy vehicles: information-sharing platform and intelligent transportation optimization. IEEE Access, 8, 99605-99623.
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