Assignment: Assessing, Diagnosing, and Treating Adults With Mood Disorders
Photo Credit: Monkey Business / Adobe Stock
It is important for the PMHNP to have a comprehensive understanding of mood disorders in order to assess and accurately formulate a diagnosis and treatment plan for patients presenting with these disorders. Mood disorders may be diagnosed when a patient’s emotional state meets the diagnostic criteria for severity, functional impact, and length of time. Those with a mood disorder may find that their emotions interfere with work, relationships, or other parts of their lives that impact daily functioning. Mood disorders may also lead to substance abuse or suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and although they are not likely to go away on their own, they can be managed with an effective treatment plan and understanding of how to manage symptoms.
In this Assignment you will assess, diagnose, and devise a treatment plan for a patient in a case study who is presenting with a mood disorder.
To Prepare
- Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing, diagnosing, and treating mood disorders.
- Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations.
- Review the video, Case Study: Petunia Park. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar.
- Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient.
- Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient.
- Consider patient diagnostics missing from the video:
Provider Review outside of interview:
Temp 98.2 Pulse 90 Respiration 18 B/P 138/88
Laboratory Data Available: Urine drug and alcohol screen negative. CBC within normal ranges, CMP within normal ranges. Lipid panel within normal ranges. Prolactin Level 8; TSH 6.3 (H)
The Assignment
Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template:
- Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomatology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life?
- Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?
- Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case.
- Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy.
- Reflection notes: Reflect on this case. Discuss what you learned and what you might do differently. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), social determinates of health, health promotion, and disease prevention that takes into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).
Case Study: Petunia Park
Program Transcript
DR. MOORE: Hi. Good afternoon. My name is Dr. Moore. Am I understanding you're here for a mental health assessment today?
PETUNIA PARK: That's right.
DR. MOORE: OK. So to make sure I have the right patient and the right chart, can you tell me your name and your date of birth?
PETUNIA PARK: Yes. I'm Petunia Park. My birthday is July 1, 1995. DR. MOORE: And can you tell me what today's date is?PETUNIA PARK: So it's December 1.DR. MOORE: Do you know the year?
PETUNIA PARK: 2020.
DR. MOORE: And what day of the week is this?
PETUNIA PARK: It's Tuesday.
DR. MOORE: And do you know where we are today?
PETUNIA PARK: Yes I am here in the beautiful, sunny office at the clinic.
DR. MOORE: OK, great. Thank you. So can you tell me a little bit about why you're here today? What brings you here today?
PETUNIA PARK: Yes. So I have a history of taking medications and then stopping them. I don't think I need them. I really feel like the medication squashes who I am.
DR. MOORE: OK, OK. So I'm going to be able to help you with that. But to begin, I'm going to ask you some questions about your family. I'm going to ask you some history- type questions. I'm going to ask you some symptoms that you might be having. And all of these questions are going to help me work with you on a treatment plan, OK? So I would like to begin with, when was the first time that you ever had any mental health or substance use treatment in your life?
© 2020 Walden University 1
PETUNIA PARK: OK. Well, when I was a teenager, my mom put me in the hospital after I went four or five days without sleeping. I think I may have been hearing things at that time. I think they started me on some medication, but I'm not sure.
DR. MOORE: Oh, OK so you were hospitalized. How many times have you been hospitalized for mental health?
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, I've been hospitalized about four times. The last time was this past spring. No detox or residential rehabs, though.
DR. MOORE: OK, good. Were any of these hospitalizations due to any suicide gestures?
PETUNIA PARK: One was in 2017. I overdosed on Benadryl, but I've not had those thoughts since then.
DR. MOORE: Well, I'm very glad to hear that you've not had any of those thoughts since then. And I'm glad that you turned out OK from that overdose. I'm glad that you're here today. Can you tell me a little bit about what you've been diagnosed with during your past treatments?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, I think depression, and anxiety, had some even say maybe bipolar.
DR. MOORE: OK, and what medications have you been tried on before for those illnesses? And if you can remember, what was your reactions to those medications?
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, let's see. Oh, I took Zoloft, and that made me feel really high. I couldn't sleep. My mind was racing, and then I took risperidone. That made me gain a bunch of weight. Seroquel gave me weight, too. I took Klonopin, and that seems to slow me down some.
I really can't remember the others. I think the one I just stopped taking was helping. It started with an L, I think. I don't really remember the name, but it squashed me in creativity.
DR. MOORE: OK, well, we're going to try to help you find some medication that doesn't make you feel squashed or have any of those negative side effects today. But in order to do that, I need some more information. And the next questions I'm going to ask you are about substances you may have used. And I want you to know that you don't get in trouble in here if you've used some of these substances. It really just helps me to make sure that what's in your system that could be impacting your neurochemistry. And when we do talk about medications, so I don't give you something that would negatively interact with something you may be using, OK? So do you--
PETUNIA PARK: OK.
© 2020 Walden University 2
Case Study: Petunia Park
DR. MOORE: --use any nicotine?
PETUNIA PARK: Yes. I smoke about a pack a day, and I'm not going to quit for you, either. Oh.
DR. MOORE: That's OK, that's OK. And what about alcohol? When was your last drink of alcohol?
PETUNIA PARK: When I was 19 because alcohol and me do not work well together.
DR. MOORE: OK, and what about any marijuana? When was your last use of any marijuana?
PETUNIA PARK: Oh no. I tried that once and got really paranoid. DR. MOORE: OK. What about any last use of cocaine? PETUNIA PARK: Never.DR. MOORE: Last use of any stimulants or methamphetamines? PETUNIA PARK: Never.
DR. MOORE: What about any huffing or inhalants? PETUNIA PARK: Never.
DR. MOORE: OK, have you used anything like Klonopin or Xanax, any of those sedative medications?
PETUNIA PARK: Never.
DR. MOORE: All right, good. What about any hallucinogenics like LSD, or PCP, or mushrooms?
PETUNIA PARK: No, never.
DR. MOORE: Wonderful. OK, what about any use of pain pills or opiate medications? Anything prescribed or anything you've obtained from the street?
PETUNIA PARK: No, never.
DR. MOORE: Good. And anything synthetic like Spice, or ecstasy, Bath Salts, Mollies, anything like that?
© 2020 Walden University 3
Case Study: Petunia Park
PETUNIA PARK: Never.
DR. MOORE: Oh, wonderful. Well, I'm glad to hear that. You know those things aren't good for your brain. So I encourage you to continue to stay away from those things. Have you ever had any blackouts or seizures from drugs or alcohol? Or seen things that you weren't sure were there?
PETUNIA PARK: Never.DR. MOORE: Good. What about any legal issues or any DUIs? PETUNIA PARK: Never.
DR. MOORE: OK. Good, good. All right, so I'm just going to ask a little bit about your family right now. Any blood relatives have any mental health or substance abuse issues?
PETUNIA PARK: Yeah, well, well, why would you ask that? It's not your business.
DR. MOORE: Right. I could see where you might find that wouldn't be any my business. But really, sometimes these issues can be genetic. They're alarm behaviors. So my understanding of your family helps me to understand you.
PETUNIA PARK: Huh. Well, my mother was seen as crazy. I think they said she had bipolar or something. And my father went to prison for drugs. And well, we haven't heard, or seen, or heard from him in 8 or 10 years. My brother, while I think he's a little schizo, but he hasn't ever went to the doctor. Nobody else with anything.
DR. MOORE: OK. So that sounds like it must be tough growing up not seeing your father and having some of those issues in your family. But any family, blood relatives commit suicide?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, my mom tried, but nobody really did it, you know?
DR. MOORE: OK. Have you ever done anything like that, or anything like cut on yourself, burn yourself?
PETUNIA PARK: I already told you, I tried to kill myself. Why ask me that again? No, I'm not going to kill myself or anyone else, and I don't cut myself.
DR. MOORE: OK. Well, I'm glad to hear that. And I want you to know that I am here for you, and we most certainly will make sure you have a crisis like number at the end of this session if you do have those thoughts in the future. So I'm glad to hear that you don't have those thoughts today. OK. What type of medical issues do you have?
© 2020 Walden University 4
Case Study: Petunia Park
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, hoo. Let's see. I have a thyroid issue that I take some medicine for, that hypothyroidism. And I take a birth control pill for polycystic ovaries.
DR. MOORE: OK, when was your last menses?
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, well I have a regular one each month. So let's see. It was last month sometime.
DR. MOORE: OK, so any chance that you're pregnant?PETUNIA PARK: Lordy, no. I may have a lot of sex around, but I'm safe.
DR. MOORE: Hm. You "have a lot of sex around." Can you maybe tell me what that means?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, it's exciting and thrilling to find new people to explore sex with. It helps me keep my moods high, high, high.
DR. MOORE: OK, so that makes you feel really high and kind of what, OK? PETUNIA PARK: Oh yeah.DR. MOORE: So who raised you?PETUNIA PARK: My mom and my older brother, mainly.
DR. MOORE: And who do you live with now?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, I live with my boyfriend. And sometimes, stay with my mom when he gets mad at me for sleeping around some.
DR. MOORE: So that's created some issues in your relationship, I see. OK. Are you single, married, widowed, or divorced?
PETUNIA PARK: I've never been married.
DR. MOORE: OK. Do you have any children?
PETUNIA PARK: No.
DR. MOORE: All right. Are you working?
PETUNIA PARK: Yes, I work part time at my aunt's bookstore. She's more tolerant of the days I don't come in from feeling too depressed.
© 2020 Walden University 5
Case Study: Petunia Park
DR. MOORE: OK, so I hear some, maybe, feelings of depressed. OK. What is your level of education?
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, I'm in vo-tech school right now for cosmetology. I'm going to do makeup for movie stars.
DR. MOORE: Oh, that sounds really wonderful. OK, so but what about now? What do you do for fun now?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, I am writing my life story, and it's going to be published. I also paint like Picasso. I'm going to sell those paintings to movie stars, too.
DR. MOORE: Well, that's wonderful. Maybe someday you can show me your paintings as well. OK, have you ever been arrested or convicted for anything?
PETUNIA PARK: No. The police did pick me up and take me to the hospital once. I didn't have much sleep that week. And they said I was dancing around in my nightgown in a field with my guitar. I really don't remember much of that, though. I think maybe my mom made up that story against me because she wanted me to go back to my boyfriend's house.
DR. MOORE: OK, so that was one of your hospitalizations that we talked about earlier. OK, what about any history of trauma with childhood or adult? Any kind of physical, sexual, emotional abuse?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, my dad was pretty hard on us when he was around. But he didn't really touch us or anything. More just yelled at us a lot.
DR. MOORE: OK. All right, so I've gathered some history here. Now, I want to get into more of some of the symptoms that brought you in to see me today. So you mentioned before that sometimes your depression keeps you from working at your aunt's bookstore. Can you tell me a little bit more about what that looks like for you?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, about four or five times a year, I have these times when I just don't want to get out of bed. I have no energy, no motivation to do anything. I just can't feel any interest in my creativity. I feel like I'm not worth anything because I feel that creativity slipping away.
So this is usually happening after I've been up for five days working hard on my works with my writing, painting, and music. Everyone says I'm depressed, but I'm not sure. It could be that I'm just exhausted from working so hard.
DR. MOORE: OK, so I hear you talking about these creativity episodes right before you crash. Per se, this depression. Tell me a little bit more about those episodes. What do those look like for you?
© 2020 Walden University 6
Case Study: Petunia Park
PETUNIA PARK: Oh, I love those times. Those are the reasons I don't always take my medication because I feel like I'm squashed. I have lots of energy to do a lot of things. I can go four or five days with very little sleep. I get lots of things done, but my friends tell me I talk too much and appear scattered.
They're just jealous of all the accomplishments I'm getting done. These are the times I look to explore my mind and body with feeling good through sex with other people.
DR. MOORE: OK, how long do those episodes last typically when you have them? PETUNIA PARK: About a week.
DR. MOORE: About a week. OK. So I want to ask a little bit more about some other symptoms that maybe we haven't talked about. Do you feel like you worry a lot or have any kind of anxiety and panic symptoms?
PETUNIA PARK: No, no no. I'm not a worry.
DR. MOORE: OK, do you do anything that you feel like you have to do repetitively over and over? And if you can't do them, you feel like the end of the world is coming? Something like maybe count on threes or wash your hands 20 times? Anything like that?
PETUNIA PARK: No, no. I don't have OCD, if that's what you're asking.
DR. MOORE: OK, what about hearing or seeing things you're not sure others see or hear? Anything like that?
PETUNIA PARK: Not right now. It's been a couple of months since that happened. Sometimes when I'm not sleeping good, I hear voices telling me how great and wonderfully talented I am.
DR. MOORE: OK. So, but no voices right now?
PETUNIA PARK: No.
DR. MOORE: OK, good. What about your appetite? How's your appetite?
PETUNIA PARK: Well, when I'm really creative, I'm too busy to eat. And when I'm crashing and resting, I eat everything in sight.
DR. MOORE: OK, so what about your sleep? On average, how much time do you think you sleep in a whole 24-hour period? And do you have any bad dreams?
© 2020 Walden University 7
Case Study: Petunia Park
PETUNIA PARK: No bad dreams. Most of the time, I get about five or six hours. When I'm creative, I'm lucky to get three hours and a whole week. Ugh. And when I'm crashed, I sleep about 12 or 16 hours a day.
DR. MOORE: OK, wonderful. So this is great. I have a lot of information from you that I think we will be able to come up with a treatment plan and maybe find some medication that's going to help you feel better without you feeling so squashed and having negative side effects, but really help you be able to function through the day.
© 2020 Walden University 8
Rubric Detail
Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric's layout.
Name: NRNP_6665_Week4_Assignment_Rubric
- Grid View
- List View
ExcellentGoodFairPoorCreate documentation in the Focused SOAP Note Template about the patient in the case study. In the Subjective section, provide: • Chief complaint• History of present illness (HPI)• Past psychiatric history• Medication trials and current medications• Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis• Pertinent substance use, family psychiatric/substance use, social, and medical history• Allergies• ROS14 (14%) - 15 (15%) The response throughly and accurately describes the patient's subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis.12 (12%) - 13 (13%) The response accurately describes the patient's subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis.11 (11%) - 11 (11%) The response describes the patient's subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis but is somewhat vague or contains minor innacuracies.0 (0%) - 10 (10%) The response provides an incomplete or inaccurate description of the patient's subjective complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, medication trials and current medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent histories, allergies, and review of all systems that would inform a differential diagnosis. Or the subjective documentation is missing.In
https://bit.ly/3HLPoPY
Tuesday, 21 June 2022
ENGL 1301—Final ExamDirectionsPick only one of the following prompts and write an essay answering the questions in the prompt you choose. Your essay must• Include an arguable thesis at the end of the first paragraph that answers the questions from the prompt you choose,• contain at least 5 paragraphs with at least 5 complete sentences in every paragraph you write,• include quotations from at least 3 authors of the Ideal Society essays/poems/stories (the ones by More, Machiavelli, Jefferson, Stanton, King, Rorty, Auden, Hughes, and Le Guin),• include quotations from at least 2 songs about the Ideal Society (the ones by McClintock, Garland, Dylan, Presley, Lennon, Gaye, Chapin, Run DMC, Jackson, Brooks, Brooks, and Crow), and• follow correct MLA format for all in-text and Works Cited citations.Your essay must be typed, double-spaced, have page numbers and all of the other MLA format conventions used for other papers in this course. You will only submit a final draft that must be attached to the Turnitin Link in the Week 4 Module by 11:59 p.m. on Thursday, June 30.
Prompts—Remember, choose ONLY ONE of the following!
- What are the three most important qualities/characteristics of an ideal society and why are these the most important?
- What three things would have to happen for humans on this earth to create an ideal society and why would it take these three?
Note The Works Cited citations for the essays, poems, stories, and songs from websites must follow MLA format for articles from a website, with the exception of the works by Rorty, Auden, and Le Guin.Note: use the name of the artist for the songs instead of looking for the name of the composer.
Last name, First name. “Title of essay/poem/song.” Title of Website. Websitepublisher/copyright holder, copyright date, complete URL. Accessed date.
For the works by Rorty, Auden, and Le Guin ONLY, you must use one of the following (do NOT use these models for any of the other works!):
Rorty, Richard. “Fraternity Reigns.” ENGL 1301 Handout, Tarrant County College,Summer I 2022.
Auden, W. H. “The Unknown Citizen.” ENGL 1301 Handout, Tarrant County College,Summer I 2022.
Le Guin, Ursula. “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.” ENGL 1301 Handout,Tarrant County College, Summer I 2022.
In-text citations must include last name and paragraph number for essays and stories OR last name and line number for poems and songs.Examples: (More par. 5) OR (Chapin lines 10-11)
https://bit.ly/39JgD0I
Prompts—Remember, choose ONLY ONE of the following!
- What are the three most important qualities/characteristics of an ideal society and why are these the most important?
- What three things would have to happen for humans on this earth to create an ideal society and why would it take these three?
Note The Works Cited citations for the essays, poems, stories, and songs from websites must follow MLA format for articles from a website, with the exception of the works by Rorty, Auden, and Le Guin.Note: use the name of the artist for the songs instead of looking for the name of the composer.
Last name, First name. “Title of essay/poem/song.” Title of Website. Websitepublisher/copyright holder, copyright date, complete URL. Accessed date.
For the works by Rorty, Auden, and Le Guin ONLY, you must use one of the following (do NOT use these models for any of the other works!):
Rorty, Richard. “Fraternity Reigns.” ENGL 1301 Handout, Tarrant County College,Summer I 2022.
Auden, W. H. “The Unknown Citizen.” ENGL 1301 Handout, Tarrant County College,Summer I 2022.
Le Guin, Ursula. “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.” ENGL 1301 Handout,Tarrant County College, Summer I 2022.
In-text citations must include last name and paragraph number for essays and stories OR last name and line number for poems and songs.Examples: (More par. 5) OR (Chapin lines 10-11)
https://bit.ly/39JgD0I
- Include the most interesting thing you have learned about this term
- Explain what you feel was the most challenging concept in Anatomy and Physiology
- Discussion Expectations: The minimum requirements for class discussions are to respond directly to the discussion prompt and to respond to at least two other posts, by other students or the instructor, by the end of the week. The discussion will close on the due date and will NOT be reopened for a late submission.- Submit one main post responding directly to each part of the discussion prompt(s) by Thursday at 11:59 PM ET.
- This should be a substantive response (between 75 -150 words minimum) to the topic(s) in your own words, referencing (using APA format) what you have discovered in your required reading and other learning activities.
- You may use resources in addition to your textbook that supports your post(s); however, you must mention the source(s) that you used in your post(s) using APA format in-text citations and reference lists. You can review APA formatting here: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
https://bit.ly/3y8ekxD
- Explain what you feel was the most challenging concept in Anatomy and Physiology
- Discussion Expectations: The minimum requirements for class discussions are to respond directly to the discussion prompt and to respond to at least two other posts, by other students or the instructor, by the end of the week. The discussion will close on the due date and will NOT be reopened for a late submission.- Submit one main post responding directly to each part of the discussion prompt(s) by Thursday at 11:59 PM ET.
- This should be a substantive response (between 75 -150 words minimum) to the topic(s) in your own words, referencing (using APA format) what you have discovered in your required reading and other learning activities.
- You may use resources in addition to your textbook that supports your post(s); however, you must mention the source(s) that you used in your post(s) using APA format in-text citations and reference lists. You can review APA formatting here: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
https://bit.ly/3y8ekxD
Sunday, 19 June 2022
Simplified model of the innovation process
Learning:
Evolving capabilities
Pro-active linkages:
Connecting
Innovation strategy
Search Strategic
selection
AgileValue:ImplementationBusiness Models
Innovative organization
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of Research into Innovation
You will select one academic paper within the field of innovation. You will then write a short report (1,000 words +/- 10%) on it which highlights the key ideas and draws out some key messages about the theme for practising managers, reflecting on how the theme could be managed effectively. Please pay particular attention to how the management of the theme is being changed by digital technology within organizations, and across business ecosystems.
Link to articles: Talis list/ BEMM118
You can select other academic papers if you wish. Look at Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review etc.
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of Research into Innovation
You will select a paper which is either:
- A case study of an organization and its approach to managing innovation
- A ‘tools’ paper, with a description of tools or methods to help think about and manage innovation
- An ‘ideas’ paper with some new perspective or way of thinking about the innovation process
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of
Research into Innovation
To review the paper and draw out helpful lessons for others you might like to
think of the following questions. Don’t feel confined to these alone – the art of
critical literature review is to develop skills and questions of your own in analysing and exploring:
- What are the key points which the author is trying to make? Try and summarize into a few ‘bullet points’
- What –if any – is the research base they are drawing on? Or is the article just an opinion?
- Is there an underlying theory, a model of how innovation takes place?
- If it’s an ‘ideas’ paper, what are the strengths of the argument – and where can you see weaknesses? How might the ideas be developed further? How could you test the ideas?
- If it’s a case study, where do you see the strengths in the organization’s approach to Innovation – and where are there gaps or weaknesses? If you were advising the company about what to do next to build on its strengths and deal with its weaknesses, what might you recommend?
- If it’s a ‘tools’ paper, how practical is the approach being recommended? Would it work for all organizations? How might you need to adapt or develop the tool to make it more flexible or useful?
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of
Research into Innovation
- What are the key messages you might take from this paper if you were asked to give advice to a practicing innovation manager?
- Where might people go to find out more – are there useful references or links in the article which take the reader further?
- Compare the article to others (5-10 – or more) which focus on the main themes covered in the article
- Don’t forget to put the FULL reference of the article you have reviewed, so that others can find it and explore it for themselves
- APA referencing
Guidance: Highlight key ideas + draw out some key messages + recommendations about the theme for managers in your organisation
SectionWords?Often Missed…… Introduction. Introduce the simplified innovation process, and100High impact cover.locate which part of the innovation process the article that you Make sure the reader knows what is coming up.are reviewing focuses on. Article review. Consider the article, and make comparisons600You need to reach into the wider literature. E.g.with other articles, also looking at Tidd & Bessant 2014 (PDFs look at different contextson ELE). Consider how the management of the innovation theme200Sometimes covered too superficially. Considerconsidered in the article is being changed by digital technology, researchers such as Jeanne Ross (Digital) and Ronand across business ecosystems. Adner (Ecosystems) Key messages about the theme for practising managers,100Tables – with 3 – 5 columns – can be a good way toreflecting on how the theme could be managed effectively. deliver persuasive recommendations
Guidance: Use tables – but this is just an example ..
Key messages about the theme for practising managers
Key messageWhy important?How can organizationsWhat gets in the way of manage this aspect ofmanaging this aspect of innovation effectively?innovation? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Report Writing
Guidance
Use tables to synthesise your thinking. They can be particularly useful when summarising the literature review and key messages sections. They help you “save” word count as well.
Use titles – in bold – to guide the reader through your document.
Use graphics, key frameworks and diagrams (visuals) from articles, to illustrate your writing.
Use bullet points, to write punchily and succinctly.
Use colour and white space to increase the impact of your document. An interesting visual on the cover can increase the impact of a document.
Follow the guidelines on APA referencing.
Number of references: Build on the material on ELE (e.g. Strategic Innovation Management – Tidd & Bessant), and consider 5-10 references
Knowledge sourceWhere to find it Module Reading ListTalis list/ BEMM118
Harvard Business ReviewIn “Business Source Complete” in the Library (Under “B” in the database section) http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/Sloan Management ReviewIn “Proquest Business Premium Collection” in the Library (Under “P” in the database section) http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/California Management ReviewIn “Sage Journals” in the Library (Under “S” in the database section). You will need to search under “Management & Organization Studies http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/ Strategic Innovation ManagementChapters currently on ELE: Buy on(Tidd + Bessant 2014)AmazonMcKinsey, BCG, PWC, Deloitte all haveOnline search!useful things to say – but they are all tryingAlso give good examples of how toto sell something as well – so be wary. OK todesign and write reports.cite.
https://bit.ly/3Qqc6km
Learning:
Evolving capabilities
Pro-active linkages:
Connecting
Innovation strategy
Search Strategic
selection
AgileValue:ImplementationBusiness Models
Innovative organization
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of Research into Innovation
You will select one academic paper within the field of innovation. You will then write a short report (1,000 words +/- 10%) on it which highlights the key ideas and draws out some key messages about the theme for practising managers, reflecting on how the theme could be managed effectively. Please pay particular attention to how the management of the theme is being changed by digital technology within organizations, and across business ecosystems.
Link to articles: Talis list/ BEMM118
You can select other academic papers if you wish. Look at Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review etc.
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of Research into Innovation
You will select a paper which is either:
- A case study of an organization and its approach to managing innovation
- A ‘tools’ paper, with a description of tools or methods to help think about and manage innovation
- An ‘ideas’ paper with some new perspective or way of thinking about the innovation process
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of
Research into Innovation
To review the paper and draw out helpful lessons for others you might like to
think of the following questions. Don’t feel confined to these alone – the art of
critical literature review is to develop skills and questions of your own in analysing and exploring:
- What are the key points which the author is trying to make? Try and summarize into a few ‘bullet points’
- What –if any – is the research base they are drawing on? Or is the article just an opinion?
- Is there an underlying theory, a model of how innovation takes place?
- If it’s an ‘ideas’ paper, what are the strengths of the argument – and where can you see weaknesses? How might the ideas be developed further? How could you test the ideas?
- If it’s a case study, where do you see the strengths in the organization’s approach to Innovation – and where are there gaps or weaknesses? If you were advising the company about what to do next to build on its strengths and deal with its weaknesses, what might you recommend?
- If it’s a ‘tools’ paper, how practical is the approach being recommended? Would it work for all organizations? How might you need to adapt or develop the tool to make it more flexible or useful?
Assignment 1 (30%): Reflection on 100 Years of
Research into Innovation
- What are the key messages you might take from this paper if you were asked to give advice to a practicing innovation manager?
- Where might people go to find out more – are there useful references or links in the article which take the reader further?
- Compare the article to others (5-10 – or more) which focus on the main themes covered in the article
- Don’t forget to put the FULL reference of the article you have reviewed, so that others can find it and explore it for themselves
- APA referencing
Guidance: Highlight key ideas + draw out some key messages + recommendations about the theme for managers in your organisation
SectionWords?Often Missed…… Introduction. Introduce the simplified innovation process, and100High impact cover.locate which part of the innovation process the article that you Make sure the reader knows what is coming up.are reviewing focuses on. Article review. Consider the article, and make comparisons600You need to reach into the wider literature. E.g.with other articles, also looking at Tidd & Bessant 2014 (PDFs look at different contextson ELE). Consider how the management of the innovation theme200Sometimes covered too superficially. Considerconsidered in the article is being changed by digital technology, researchers such as Jeanne Ross (Digital) and Ronand across business ecosystems. Adner (Ecosystems) Key messages about the theme for practising managers,100Tables – with 3 – 5 columns – can be a good way toreflecting on how the theme could be managed effectively. deliver persuasive recommendations
Guidance: Use tables – but this is just an example ..
Key messages about the theme for practising managers
Key messageWhy important?How can organizationsWhat gets in the way of manage this aspect ofmanaging this aspect of innovation effectively?innovation? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Report Writing
Guidance
Use tables to synthesise your thinking. They can be particularly useful when summarising the literature review and key messages sections. They help you “save” word count as well.
Use titles – in bold – to guide the reader through your document.
Use graphics, key frameworks and diagrams (visuals) from articles, to illustrate your writing.
Use bullet points, to write punchily and succinctly.
Use colour and white space to increase the impact of your document. An interesting visual on the cover can increase the impact of a document.
Follow the guidelines on APA referencing.
Number of references: Build on the material on ELE (e.g. Strategic Innovation Management – Tidd & Bessant), and consider 5-10 references
Knowledge sourceWhere to find it Module Reading ListTalis list/ BEMM118
Harvard Business ReviewIn “Business Source Complete” in the Library (Under “B” in the database section) http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/Sloan Management ReviewIn “Proquest Business Premium Collection” in the Library (Under “P” in the database section) http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/California Management ReviewIn “Sage Journals” in the Library (Under “S” in the database section). You will need to search under “Management & Organization Studies http://www.exeter.ac.uk/library/ Strategic Innovation ManagementChapters currently on ELE: Buy on(Tidd + Bessant 2014)AmazonMcKinsey, BCG, PWC, Deloitte all haveOnline search!useful things to say – but they are all tryingAlso give good examples of how toto sell something as well – so be wary. OK todesign and write reports.cite.
https://bit.ly/3Qqc6km
Purpose
A concept analysis is designed to make the student as familiar with a concept as possible. A concept is usually one or two words that convey meaning, understanding or feelings between or among individuals within a same discipline. Some concepts relevant to mental health are stigma, recidivism, and deinstitutionalization.
Activities and Directions
To begin the process, choose a concept you are interested in, a term you encounter with your work or one with which you would like to research. Look for the measurable quality in your topic of interest, problem or question.
- Write down all of the words you can think of which relate to or express your concept.
- Search the literature for journal articles and books related to the concept to get a sense of the beliefs and thoughts of others in the discipline regarding the concept.
- Begin the analysis paper with a introductory paragraph expressing what the concept is and why it is significant to you and mental health.
- Develop the Model Case. The model case is a brief situational description validating the concept including all of the characteristics you have listed which describe or make up the concept. The model case should be able to reflect that If this is not an example of (concept), then nothing is.
- Close with a summary.
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER EVALUATION FORM (100 points).
I. Introduction (10 points) A. Includes the aims & purposes of the analysis (0-3)_______ B. Justifies concepts significance to mental health (0-7)_______
II. Definition of Concept (20 points) A. Describes derivation of definition from common usage, & nursing use (0-6)_______ B. Describes & cites a variety of appropriate authoritative sources from the literature regarding nature of concept (0-6)_______ C. Definition of concept reflects synthesis & evaluation of definitions from appropriate sources (0-8)_______
III. List of defining characteristics (25 points) A. Each attribute is clearly stated as succinctly as possible (0-5)_______ B. Each attribute is logically an essential element of the concept as defined (0-5)_______ C. Each attribute is stated in as measurable a form as the abstractness of the concept allows (0-5)_______ D. The listed attributes comprise all essential attributes of the concept as defined (0-10)______
IV. The Model Case (25 points) A. Is a logical example of the concept (0-5)_______ B. Includes all listed attributes of the concept (0-10)______ C. Includes no attributes of other concepts (0-5)_______ D. Is concisely stated (0-5)_______
V. Reference List (10 points) A. Contains a variety of resources (0-2)_______ B. Resources are authoritative, classic resources are evident (0-3)_______ C. Nursing resources are explored (0-3)_______ D. Resources are sufficient in number to justify analysis (0-2)_______
VI. Layout and Presentation of Paper (10 points) A. Precise APA format (0-5)_______ B. Grammar, spelling & typing at professional scholarly level (0-5)_______
Rubric
Concept Analysis Rubric
Concept Analysis RubricCriteriaRatingsPtsIntroduction Includes the aims & purposes of the analysis.Justifies concepts significance to mental health.10pts10 ptsDefine Concept Describes derivation of definition from common usage, & nursing use. Describes & cites a variety of appropriate authoritative sources from the literature regarding nature of concept. Definition of concept reflects synthesis & evaluation of definitions from appropriate sources.10pts10 ptsIdentify use of concept and determine defining attributes Each attribute is clearly stated as succinctly as possible. Each attribute is logically an essential element of the concept as defined. Each attribute is stated in as measurable a form as the abstractness of the concept allows. The listed attributes comprise all essential attributes of the concept as defined.10pt10 ptsThe Model Case, Borderline Case, Related Case, Contrary Case Must identify a model case, borderline case, related case, AND a contrary case. All four cases must be listed separately.(The invented case and the illegitimate case are NOT required.)Include all listed attributes of the concept. Includes no attributes of other concepts.Is concisely stated.40pts40 ptsAntecedents and Consequences Antecedents- Identify an event or incident that occurred prior to the occurrence of the concept.Consequences are events that occur as a result of the occurrence of the concept.10pts10 ptsEmpirical Referents Define the attributes of the concept and how it is measured or applied. Connect theoretical foundation of the concept and relate it to your defining attributes.10pts10 ptsLayout, Presentation of Paper, and References Layout, Presentation of Paper, and References Precise APA format. Grammar, spelling & typing at professional scholarly level. Contains a variety of resources. Resources are authoritative, classic resources are evident. Nursing resources are explored. Resources are sufficient in number to justify analysis.10pts10 ptsTotal Points: 100
https://bit.ly/3y4o2kP
A concept analysis is designed to make the student as familiar with a concept as possible. A concept is usually one or two words that convey meaning, understanding or feelings between or among individuals within a same discipline. Some concepts relevant to mental health are stigma, recidivism, and deinstitutionalization.
Activities and Directions
To begin the process, choose a concept you are interested in, a term you encounter with your work or one with which you would like to research. Look for the measurable quality in your topic of interest, problem or question.
- Write down all of the words you can think of which relate to or express your concept.
- Search the literature for journal articles and books related to the concept to get a sense of the beliefs and thoughts of others in the discipline regarding the concept.
- Begin the analysis paper with a introductory paragraph expressing what the concept is and why it is significant to you and mental health.
- Develop the Model Case. The model case is a brief situational description validating the concept including all of the characteristics you have listed which describe or make up the concept. The model case should be able to reflect that If this is not an example of (concept), then nothing is.
- Close with a summary.
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER EVALUATION FORM (100 points).
I. Introduction (10 points) A. Includes the aims & purposes of the analysis (0-3)_______ B. Justifies concepts significance to mental health (0-7)_______
II. Definition of Concept (20 points) A. Describes derivation of definition from common usage, & nursing use (0-6)_______ B. Describes & cites a variety of appropriate authoritative sources from the literature regarding nature of concept (0-6)_______ C. Definition of concept reflects synthesis & evaluation of definitions from appropriate sources (0-8)_______
III. List of defining characteristics (25 points) A. Each attribute is clearly stated as succinctly as possible (0-5)_______ B. Each attribute is logically an essential element of the concept as defined (0-5)_______ C. Each attribute is stated in as measurable a form as the abstractness of the concept allows (0-5)_______ D. The listed attributes comprise all essential attributes of the concept as defined (0-10)______
IV. The Model Case (25 points) A. Is a logical example of the concept (0-5)_______ B. Includes all listed attributes of the concept (0-10)______ C. Includes no attributes of other concepts (0-5)_______ D. Is concisely stated (0-5)_______
V. Reference List (10 points) A. Contains a variety of resources (0-2)_______ B. Resources are authoritative, classic resources are evident (0-3)_______ C. Nursing resources are explored (0-3)_______ D. Resources are sufficient in number to justify analysis (0-2)_______
VI. Layout and Presentation of Paper (10 points) A. Precise APA format (0-5)_______ B. Grammar, spelling & typing at professional scholarly level (0-5)_______
Rubric
Concept Analysis Rubric
Concept Analysis RubricCriteriaRatingsPtsIntroduction Includes the aims & purposes of the analysis.Justifies concepts significance to mental health.10pts10 ptsDefine Concept Describes derivation of definition from common usage, & nursing use. Describes & cites a variety of appropriate authoritative sources from the literature regarding nature of concept. Definition of concept reflects synthesis & evaluation of definitions from appropriate sources.10pts10 ptsIdentify use of concept and determine defining attributes Each attribute is clearly stated as succinctly as possible. Each attribute is logically an essential element of the concept as defined. Each attribute is stated in as measurable a form as the abstractness of the concept allows. The listed attributes comprise all essential attributes of the concept as defined.10pt10 ptsThe Model Case, Borderline Case, Related Case, Contrary Case Must identify a model case, borderline case, related case, AND a contrary case. All four cases must be listed separately.(The invented case and the illegitimate case are NOT required.)Include all listed attributes of the concept. Includes no attributes of other concepts.Is concisely stated.40pts40 ptsAntecedents and Consequences Antecedents- Identify an event or incident that occurred prior to the occurrence of the concept.Consequences are events that occur as a result of the occurrence of the concept.10pts10 ptsEmpirical Referents Define the attributes of the concept and how it is measured or applied. Connect theoretical foundation of the concept and relate it to your defining attributes.10pts10 ptsLayout, Presentation of Paper, and References Layout, Presentation of Paper, and References Precise APA format. Grammar, spelling & typing at professional scholarly level. Contains a variety of resources. Resources are authoritative, classic resources are evident. Nursing resources are explored. Resources are sufficient in number to justify analysis.10pts10 ptsTotal Points: 100
https://bit.ly/3y4o2kP
Describe one innovative health care delivery model that incorporates an interdisciplinary care delivery team. Explain how this model is advantageous to patient outcomes5 paragraphs and references
Explain how interprofessional collaboration will help reduce errors, provide higher-quality care, and increase safety. Provide an example of a current or emerging trend that will require more, or change the nature of, interprofessional collaboration.5 paragraphs and references
earning ResourcesRequired ReadingsMason, D. J., Dickson, E., McLemore, M., R., & Perez, G., A. (2021). Policy & politics in nursing and health care (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Chapter 7, “The Policy Process” (pp. 52–66)Chapter 48, “Policy and Politics in Health Care Organizations” (pp. 392–399)Chapter 70, “Coalitions: A Powerful Political Strategy” (pp. 543–549)Chapter 71, “TAKING ACTION: Campaign for Action” (pp. 550–554)American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (3rd. ed.).
Standard 5a, “Coordination of Care” (pp. 63–64)Standard 10, “Collaboration” (pp. 73–74)American Nurses Association. (2021). Advocacy. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/
Nurses instinctively advocate for their patients, in their workplaces, and in their communities; but legislative and political advocacy is no less important to advancing the profession and patient care.
The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action. (2021). https://campaignforaction.org/
The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action, a nationwide movement to improve health and health care through nursing. An initiative of AARP Foundation, AARP and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Campaign includes Action Coalitions in 50 states and the District of Columbia working to implement the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) Future of Nursing recommendations and build a healthier America.
National Academies of Medicine. (2021). The Future of Nursing: 2020-2030. https://nam.edu/publications/the-future-of-nursing-2020-2030/?gclid=CjwKCAjwxuuCBhATEiwAIIIz0Us1mW64D1c8J2etOBHg_rnWnZQpCHz9z_DMIO9WOmQE-2lWVCPedxoCFkIQAvD_BwE
An expert committee extends the vision of the IOM The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, which set a vision for nursing into 2020. Now a new path is charted into 2030 for nurses to help the nation create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the health and well-being of the population.
The Nursing Organizations Alliance. (2016). The alliance home. Retrieved from http://www.nursing-alliance.org/
Comments from Customerlink to the book http://library.lol/main/C450164675C0B460CE71BF87923D6805
https://bit.ly/3N9RolP
Explain how interprofessional collaboration will help reduce errors, provide higher-quality care, and increase safety. Provide an example of a current or emerging trend that will require more, or change the nature of, interprofessional collaboration.5 paragraphs and references
earning ResourcesRequired ReadingsMason, D. J., Dickson, E., McLemore, M., R., & Perez, G., A. (2021). Policy & politics in nursing and health care (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Chapter 7, “The Policy Process” (pp. 52–66)Chapter 48, “Policy and Politics in Health Care Organizations” (pp. 392–399)Chapter 70, “Coalitions: A Powerful Political Strategy” (pp. 543–549)Chapter 71, “TAKING ACTION: Campaign for Action” (pp. 550–554)American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (3rd. ed.).
Standard 5a, “Coordination of Care” (pp. 63–64)Standard 10, “Collaboration” (pp. 73–74)American Nurses Association. (2021). Advocacy. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/
Nurses instinctively advocate for their patients, in their workplaces, and in their communities; but legislative and political advocacy is no less important to advancing the profession and patient care.
The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action. (2021). https://campaignforaction.org/
The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action, a nationwide movement to improve health and health care through nursing. An initiative of AARP Foundation, AARP and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Campaign includes Action Coalitions in 50 states and the District of Columbia working to implement the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) Future of Nursing recommendations and build a healthier America.
National Academies of Medicine. (2021). The Future of Nursing: 2020-2030. https://nam.edu/publications/the-future-of-nursing-2020-2030/?gclid=CjwKCAjwxuuCBhATEiwAIIIz0Us1mW64D1c8J2etOBHg_rnWnZQpCHz9z_DMIO9WOmQE-2lWVCPedxoCFkIQAvD_BwE
An expert committee extends the vision of the IOM The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, which set a vision for nursing into 2020. Now a new path is charted into 2030 for nurses to help the nation create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the health and well-being of the population.
The Nursing Organizations Alliance. (2016). The alliance home. Retrieved from http://www.nursing-alliance.org/
Comments from Customerlink to the book http://library.lol/main/C450164675C0B460CE71BF87923D6805
https://bit.ly/3N9RolP
Note: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines.
A basic essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Following this format will help you write and organize an essay. However, flexibility is important. While keeping this basic essay format in mind, let the topic and specific assignment guide the writing and organization.
Parts of an Essay
Introduction
The introduction guides your reader into the paper by introducing the topic. It should begin with a hook that catches the reader’s interest. This hook could be a quote, an analogy, a question, etc. After getting the reader’s attention, the introduction should give some background information on the topic. The ideas within the introduction should be general enough for the reader to understand the main claim and gradually become more specific to lead into the thesis statement. (See the Introductions handout for further information.)
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement concisely states the main idea or argument of the essay, sets limits on the topic, and can indicate the organization of the essay. The thesis works as a road map for the entire essay, showing the readers what you have to say and which main points you will use to support your ideas.
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Main Idea
Main Idea
Main Idea
Body
The body of the essay supports the main points presented in the thesis. Each point is Conclusion
developed by one or more paragraphs and supported with specific details. These details can include support from research and experiences, depending on the
assignment. In addition to this support, the author’s own analysis and discussion of the topic ties ideas together and draws conclusions that support the thesis. Refer to “Parts of a Paragraph” below for further information on writing effective body paragraphs.
Transitions
Transitions connect paragraphs to each other and to the thesis. They are used within and between paragraphs to help the paper flow from one topic to the next. These transitions can be one or two words (“first,” “next,” “in addition,” etc.) or one or two sentences that bring the reader to the next main point. The topic sentence of a paragraph often serves as a transition. (See the Transitions handout for further information.)
Conclusion
The conclusion brings together all the main points of the essay. It refers back to the thesis statement and leaves readers with a final thought and sense of closure by resolving any ideas brought up in the essay. It may also address the implications of the argument. In the conclusion, new topics or ideas that were not developed in the paper should not be introduced. (See the Conclusions handout for further information.)
Citations
If your paper incorporates research, be sure to give credit to each source using in-text citations and a Works Cited/References/Bibliography page. Refer to the MLA Format, APA Format, or Turabian Format handout for help with this.
Basic Essay Format
Note: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines.
Parts of a Paragraph
In an essay, a paragraph discusses one idea in detail that supports the thesis of the essay. Each paragraph in the body of the paper should include a topic sentence, supporting details to support the topic sentence, and a concluding sentence. The paragraph’s purpose and scope will determine its length, but most paragraphs contain at least two complete sentences. For more information on this topic, see the Basic Paragraph Format handout.
Topic Sentence
The main idea of each paragraph is stated in a topic sentence that shows how the idea relates to the thesis. Generally, the topic sentence is placed at the beginning of a paragraph, but the location and placement may vary according to individual organization and audience expectation. Topic sentences often serve as transitions between paragraphs.
Supporting Details
Supporting details elaborate upon the topic sentences and thesis. Supporting details should be drawn from a variety of sources determined by the assignment guidelines and genre, and should include the writer’s own analysis.
Concluding Sentence
Each paragraph should end with a final statement that brings together the ideas brought up in the paragraph. Sometimes, it can serve as a transition to the next paragraph.
Topic Sentence
Supporting Detail #1
Supporting Detail #2
Concluding Sentence
The root cause of childhood Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is difficult to determine, since many biological, genetic, and environmental factors may contribute. While genetics can help explain the prevalence of ADD in children and families, they do not necessarily explain its cause (Winger 2012). Environmental factors such as social interaction, attachment, and other factors can also play a huge role in the development of ADD but are not necessarily its root, according to Graymond (2011, p. 33). Research suggests that genetic and environmental interactions may both be important in conditioning the risk of ADD as well as its severity and progression. In the classic question of “nature v. nurture,” in this case, the answer appears to be both.
Unity and Coherence
Proper essay and paragraph format not only helps to achieve unity and coherence but also enhances the reader’s understanding. Well-worded topic sentences and concluding sentences will also help maintain unity throughout the essay.
- Unity is the continuity of a single idea (the thesis) throughout the essay. Each detail and example should develop logically and refer back to the original focus.
- Coherence means that each point should be linked to the previous and following points to help the essay flow and progress logically and clearly. An easy way to link paragraphs together is through transitions in each paragraph’s topic sentence.
UVU Writing Center • Library 208 • ph: 801-863-8936 • Updated June 2013
Web: www.uvu.edu/owl • Facebook: UVUWritingCenter • Twitter: @uvuwritingctr
https://bit.ly/3y25TUA
A basic essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Following this format will help you write and organize an essay. However, flexibility is important. While keeping this basic essay format in mind, let the topic and specific assignment guide the writing and organization.
Parts of an Essay
Introduction
The introduction guides your reader into the paper by introducing the topic. It should begin with a hook that catches the reader’s interest. This hook could be a quote, an analogy, a question, etc. After getting the reader’s attention, the introduction should give some background information on the topic. The ideas within the introduction should be general enough for the reader to understand the main claim and gradually become more specific to lead into the thesis statement. (See the Introductions handout for further information.)
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement concisely states the main idea or argument of the essay, sets limits on the topic, and can indicate the organization of the essay. The thesis works as a road map for the entire essay, showing the readers what you have to say and which main points you will use to support your ideas.
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Main Idea
Main Idea
Main Idea
Body
The body of the essay supports the main points presented in the thesis. Each point is Conclusion
developed by one or more paragraphs and supported with specific details. These details can include support from research and experiences, depending on the
assignment. In addition to this support, the author’s own analysis and discussion of the topic ties ideas together and draws conclusions that support the thesis. Refer to “Parts of a Paragraph” below for further information on writing effective body paragraphs.
Transitions
Transitions connect paragraphs to each other and to the thesis. They are used within and between paragraphs to help the paper flow from one topic to the next. These transitions can be one or two words (“first,” “next,” “in addition,” etc.) or one or two sentences that bring the reader to the next main point. The topic sentence of a paragraph often serves as a transition. (See the Transitions handout for further information.)
Conclusion
The conclusion brings together all the main points of the essay. It refers back to the thesis statement and leaves readers with a final thought and sense of closure by resolving any ideas brought up in the essay. It may also address the implications of the argument. In the conclusion, new topics or ideas that were not developed in the paper should not be introduced. (See the Conclusions handout for further information.)
Citations
If your paper incorporates research, be sure to give credit to each source using in-text citations and a Works Cited/References/Bibliography page. Refer to the MLA Format, APA Format, or Turabian Format handout for help with this.
Basic Essay Format
Note: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines.
Parts of a Paragraph
In an essay, a paragraph discusses one idea in detail that supports the thesis of the essay. Each paragraph in the body of the paper should include a topic sentence, supporting details to support the topic sentence, and a concluding sentence. The paragraph’s purpose and scope will determine its length, but most paragraphs contain at least two complete sentences. For more information on this topic, see the Basic Paragraph Format handout.
Topic Sentence
The main idea of each paragraph is stated in a topic sentence that shows how the idea relates to the thesis. Generally, the topic sentence is placed at the beginning of a paragraph, but the location and placement may vary according to individual organization and audience expectation. Topic sentences often serve as transitions between paragraphs.
Supporting Details
Supporting details elaborate upon the topic sentences and thesis. Supporting details should be drawn from a variety of sources determined by the assignment guidelines and genre, and should include the writer’s own analysis.
Concluding Sentence
Each paragraph should end with a final statement that brings together the ideas brought up in the paragraph. Sometimes, it can serve as a transition to the next paragraph.
Topic Sentence
Supporting Detail #1
Supporting Detail #2
Concluding Sentence
The root cause of childhood Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is difficult to determine, since many biological, genetic, and environmental factors may contribute. While genetics can help explain the prevalence of ADD in children and families, they do not necessarily explain its cause (Winger 2012). Environmental factors such as social interaction, attachment, and other factors can also play a huge role in the development of ADD but are not necessarily its root, according to Graymond (2011, p. 33). Research suggests that genetic and environmental interactions may both be important in conditioning the risk of ADD as well as its severity and progression. In the classic question of “nature v. nurture,” in this case, the answer appears to be both.
Unity and Coherence
Proper essay and paragraph format not only helps to achieve unity and coherence but also enhances the reader’s understanding. Well-worded topic sentences and concluding sentences will also help maintain unity throughout the essay.
- Unity is the continuity of a single idea (the thesis) throughout the essay. Each detail and example should develop logically and refer back to the original focus.
- Coherence means that each point should be linked to the previous and following points to help the essay flow and progress logically and clearly. An easy way to link paragraphs together is through transitions in each paragraph’s topic sentence.
UVU Writing Center • Library 208 • ph: 801-863-8936 • Updated June 2013
Web: www.uvu.edu/owl • Facebook: UVUWritingCenter • Twitter: @uvuwritingctr
https://bit.ly/3y25TUA
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
-
With this assignment, you will learn about and discuss various neurological alterations. For this paper, you will need to describe and discu...
-
Required Readings from the Textbook - Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision Making: Chapter 13: Emerging Topics in Man...
-
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Needs ResourcesTaylor, C. (2015). Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th Edition. . Retrieved from https...
